{"id":3036,"date":"2019-05-13T21:34:57","date_gmt":"2019-05-13T20:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/?p=3036"},"modified":"2023-08-16T11:41:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T10:41:19","slug":"transculturality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/","title":{"rendered":"Transculturality and Heritage Discussion and Findings (6.4)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality.jpg\"><img data-src=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality.jpg 560w, https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality-300x169.jpg 300w\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" alt=\"Heritage transculturality findings\" class=\"wp-image-3043 lazyload\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality.jpg\" alt=\"Heritage transculturality findings\" class=\"wp-image-3043\" srcset=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality.jpg 560w, https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heritage-transculturality-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\"><\/noscript><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6ab5bc6524ea8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6ab5bc6524ea8\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/#Dance_and_Transculturality\" >Dance and Transculturality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/#Transcultural_Contamination\" >Transcultural Contamination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/#Transcultural_Dimension_of_Raqs_sharqi\" >Transcultural Dimension of Raqs sharqi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/#Diaspora_Impact\" >Diaspora Impact<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/#Raqs_Sharqi_Audiences_and_Transculturality\" >Raqs Sharqi Audiences and Transculturality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/transculturality\/#Mobilities_and_Affects_on_Transculturality\" >Mobilities and Affects on Transculturality<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dance_and_Transculturality\"><\/span>Dance and Transculturality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the dance analysis, it has emerged that Raqs sharqi has been a hybrid genre since its inception. Raqs sharqi is a living example of a type of heritage generated by a \u2018transcultural network\u2019 (Welsch, 1999) and the dancers are \u2018transcultural bodies\u2019 (Fensham and Kelada, 2012a, p. 370) who express the cultural complexity of this dance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/living-cultural-heritage\/\">Dancers acquire transculturality on every level of the living cultural heritage model (3.7)<\/a>. They acquire a transcultural \u2018body schema\u2019 by learning in a perceptual way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This new body schema, together with new transcultural experiences, turns into dispositions, which generate new forms of cultural capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In turn, this new cultural capital gives the dancers different sets of rules\/resources to draw on in interpreting their dance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This process is one of the dynamic aspects that lead to social change and supports the idea of fluid authenticity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transcultural_Contamination\"><\/span>Transcultural Contamination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the beginning, although the roots of this dance are Egyptian, there has been transcultural contamination from dance genres such as ballet and Latin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The choreographers and performers also had a transcultural profile, as they came from different countries (for instance those who worked in Badia Masabni\u2019s clubs) and travelled extensively (Badia Masabni and <a href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/reda-troupe\/\">Mahmoud Reda<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Successive generations of dancers travelled, and still travel, worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These travels allowed dancers not only to import influences from abroad but also to export the dance, especially today as dancers travel from Egypt predominantly to teach, rather than to learn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transcultural_Dimension_of_Raqs_sharqi\"><\/span>Transcultural Dimension of Raqs sharqi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed, the transcultural dimension of Raqs sharqi has always been based on what Urry (2008) calls \u2018mobilities\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first type of mobility identified by Urry is the corporeal travel of people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the history of Raqs sharqi, this has been of various kinds. Apart from the movement of practitioners from Egypt to teach, perform or find inspiration elsewhere, there has been a movement of foreign dancers travelling to Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the 1970s, and increasingly since, people interested in Egyptian dance went to Egypt to learn the dance from its source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diaspora_Impact\"><\/span>Diaspora Impact <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diaspora of Middle Eastern people to the USA in the 1960s was also connected to corporeal travel of people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who moved to the USA opened restaurants where musicians and dancers from different countries worked together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There, American dancers learnt how to dance by directly observing the first generation of dancers who came from the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The middle eastern restaurants in the USA acted as \u2018contact zones\u2019, defined by Naguib (2008, p. 473) as \u2018interactive transient spaces with flexible boundaries, which provide fertile grounds for various degrees of cultural translations and borrowings\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout the history of Raqs sharqi, there have been various examples of contact zones in which Raqs sharqi has developed as a form of hybrid dance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">the salas in the 1920s in Cairo; ethnic restaurants in the USA in the 1960s\/70s; Arab nightclubs in London in the 1970s; dance festivals in and outside of Egypt from the 1970s onwards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Raqs_Sharqi_Audiences_and_Transculturality\"><\/span>Raqs Sharqi Audiences and Transculturality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another element that has contributed to Raqs sharqi transculturality are the audiences, as performers tend to adapt their show to different audiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1920s in Cairo, in the salas, the audiences were composed of foreigners and Egyptian upper classes whose taste was transcultural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the USA in the 1970s, the flower children movement sought inspiration in different cultures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, <a href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/samia-gamal\/\">Egyptian dancers<\/a> travel and perform at festivals for international audiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The taste of each audience reflects their expectations, based on socio-culturally influenced \u2018system of classificatory schemes\u2019 (Bourdieu, 1984, p. 147). As the dance has become hybrid, so has the music that goes with it, from the times of Badia Masabni, when Egyptian and foreign elements were mixed together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">Not only did the music become hybrid, but also western instruments such as the violin, were introduced alongside traditional Egyptian instruments. Based on Giddens\u2019 Structuration Theory (3.6), these transcultural influences create new \u2018constitutive rules\u2019, which affect the nature of heritage, but also new \u2018allocative resources\u2019 such as the new musical instruments that agents in the field employ to express themselves and innovate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mobilities_and_Affects_on_Transculturality\"><\/span>Mobilities and Affects on Transculturality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three more types of mobilities, identified by Urry (2008), which have been influential for Raqs sharqi are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the physical movement of objects (for example, costumes and props, <a href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/blogs\/books\/\">books<\/a>, CDs, cassettes, and DVDs sold worldwide)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the imaginative travel through images in the media (such as dance videos) and the communicative travel through person to person messages via a range of media.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Internet, particularly, encompasses the imaginative and the communicative travel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of its ubiquitousness, the Internet has rendered Raqs sharqi a global transcultural phenomenon, that cuts across societies becoming one of what Giddens (1984, p. XXVII) would call \u2018inter-societal systems\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">The mobilities that lead to heritage transculturality, imply the ownership of a certain amount of capital on the part of those who want to access and transmit that heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following Bourdieu (1992, p. 99), the types of capital are economic, cultural and social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These allow practitioners to develop Urry\u2019s (2007, p. 197) \u2018network capital\u2019, which is \u2018the capacity to engender and sustain social relations with those people who are not necessarily proximate and which generates emotional, financial and practical benefit\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the moment, the majority of dancers who have these types of capital are non-Egyptian, which could threaten the authenticity of this heritage, in the absence of adequate cultural awareness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some practitioners in this field are, indeed, aware of this. Angela, for example, said that \u2018if I\u2019m going to claim that I am . . . practising Raqs sharqi I should be very intentional in that and I should study from, primary sources so to speak as much as possible\u2019 and Lidia stated that: \u2018I always search for information, especially on the history of the dance\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Next Page &gt;&gt; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worlddanceheritage.org\/change-traditions\/\">Change and Traditions discussion and findings<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dance and Transculturality From the dance analysis, it has emerged that Raqs sharqi has been a hybrid genre since its inception. Raqs sharqi is a living example of a type of heritage generated by a \u2018transcultural network\u2019 (Welsch, 1999) and the dancers are \u2018transcultural bodies\u2019 (Fensham and Kelada, 2012a, p. 370) who express the cultural [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3043,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-discussion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Transculturality and Heritage discussion and Ffndings | Heritage studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about transculturality and intangible heritage including for dance. 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